04 Mobile Security

Welcome to:

Module 04 — Mobile Security

In the previous module, you learned how modern applications expose functionality through:

APIs

Objects

Tokens

Roles

Business Logic

Now you will extend that knowledge into:

Mobile Applications

Mobile applications introduce a different attack surface because security logic may exist across:

Mobile Client

Device Storage

Application Package

Operating System

Network Traffic

Backend APIs

Cloud Services

A mobile application is rarely just:

An App
on a Phone

It is more accurately:

Mobile Client
      ↓
Authentication
      ↓
API
      ↓
Backend Services
      ↓
Cloud Infrastructure

For a Bug Bounty Hunter, this creates an important principle:

Do Not Test
Only the App

Understand the
Entire Mobile
Application Ecosystem

Module Objectives

By the end of this module, you will understand how to:

• explain modern mobile application architecture.

• understand Android and iOS application models.

• identify mobile application attack surfaces.

• understand mobile application packages.

• inspect application configuration.

• understand local storage risks.

• analyze sensitive data stored on devices.

• understand mobile authentication flows.

• analyze session and token storage.

• understand mobile API communication.

• inspect network traffic.

• understand certificate validation concepts.

• identify insecure WebView usage.

• analyze deep links.

• understand custom URL schemes.

• identify exported Android components.

• understand Android permissions.

• understand activities, services, receivers and providers.

• understand iOS application configuration.

• analyze application logs.

• understand clipboard-related risks.

• analyze screenshots and cached data.

• understand biometric authentication concepts.

• identify insecure client-side trust.

• test mobile authorization through APIs.

• identify mobile-specific business logic issues.

• assess application updates and versioning.

• understand hardcoded secrets.

• analyze mobile application assets.

• understand third-party SDK risks.

• identify privacy-related mobile security concerns.

• gather mobile evidence.

• create a mobile security testing methodology.

• write professional mobile vulnerability reports.

1 — What Is Mobile Application Security?

Mobile application security examines the security of:

Mobile Application

Device Interaction

Local Storage

Authentication

Network Communication

Backend APIs

A vulnerability may exist:

Inside the App

or:

Behind the App

on the API or backend.

2 — Mobile Application Architecture

A simplified mobile architecture:

Mobile App
      ↓
HTTPS
      ↓
API Gateway
      ↓
Backend Service
      ↓
Database

Additional components may include:

Identity Provider

Push Notifications

Analytics

Cloud Storage

Third-Party SDKs

3 — Mobile Client Is Not Trusted

One of the most important principles is:

Mobile Client
      ≠
Trusted Environment

Users control:

The Device

Application Files

Network Environment

Application State

Therefore critical security controls should not depend only on the mobile application.

4 — Android vs iOS

The two dominant mobile platforms are:

Android

iOS

Their security architecture differs.

However, both applications commonly expose similar security areas:

Local Data

Authentication

Network

APIs

Deep Links

Application Configuration

5 — Mobile Attack Surface

Build your mobile attack surface around:

Application Package

Configuration

Local Storage

Logs

Clipboard

Deep Links

WebViews

Network Traffic

Authentication

Tokens

APIs

Third-Party SDKs

6 — Application Package

Android applications are commonly distributed as:

APK

or application bundles.

iOS applications use:

IPA

packages.

These packages can reveal:

Application Code

Resources

Configuration

Endpoints

Libraries

Permissions

7 — Static Analysis

Static analysis means examining the application without executing it.

Potential areas:

Manifest

Configuration

Strings

Resources

Libraries

Certificates

Code

8 — Dynamic Analysis

Dynamic analysis examines application behavior while it is running.

You may observe:

Network Requests

Files

Logs

Authentication

Storage

Application State

9 — Android Manifest

Android applications contain configuration in:

AndroidManifest.xml

This may reveal:

Permissions

Activities

Services

Broadcast Receivers

Content Providers

Deep Links

10 — Android Permissions

Applications may request access to:

Camera

Microphone

Location

Contacts

Storage

Bluetooth

Ask:

Does the App
Need This Permission?

Excessive permissions can increase risk.

11 — Exported Components

Android components may be:

Exported

meaning other applications may potentially interact with them.

Important components include:

Activities

Services

Broadcast Receivers

Content Providers

12 — Exported Activity

Ask:

Can Another
Application Launch
This Activity?

Then:

Does the Activity
Perform Sensitive
Actions?

13 — Exported Service

A service may perform background operations.

Security questions include:

Can It Be
Invoked Externally?

Does It
Require Permission?

Does It Perform
Sensitive Functions?

14 — Broadcast Receivers

Broadcast receivers process system or application messages.

Ask:

Can Untrusted Apps
Send Messages
to This Receiver?

15 — Content Providers

Content providers expose structured application data.

Questions include:

Is Provider Exported?

Does It Require
Permission?

Can Another App
Read or Modify Data?

16 — iOS Application Configuration

iOS applications may contain configuration such as:

Info.plist

which can reveal:

URL Schemes

Permissions

Application Settings

Transport Security
Configuration

17 — Mobile Configuration Files

Configuration files can expose:

API Hosts

Environment Names

Feature Flags

Analytics IDs

Third-Party Services

The presence of values does not automatically make them sensitive.

Assess their security role.

18 — Hardcoded Secrets

Applications sometimes contain:

API Keys

Tokens

Passwords

Private Credentials

inside application code or configuration.

The key question is:

Does This Secret
Grant Unauthorized
Access?

19 — Public vs Sensitive API Keys

Some keys are intended to be:

Public Client
Identifiers

Others may grant privileged access.

Do not classify every embedded key as a vulnerability.

Validate:

Purpose

Permissions

Scope

Impact

20 — String Analysis

Application strings may reveal:

API Endpoints

Development Hosts

Error Messages

Feature Names

Cloud Services

This is useful for reconnaissance.

21 — Local Storage

Mobile applications frequently store data locally.

Potential locations include:

Files

Preferences

Databases

Caches

Keychain / Keystore

22 — Sensitive Local Data

Examples include:

Access Tokens

Refresh Tokens

User Information

Session Data

Payment Information

Application Secrets

Ask:

Should This Data
Be Stored Here?

Is It
Protected?

23 — Android Shared Preferences

Applications may store preferences using:

SharedPreferences

These can contain:

Settings

Tokens

Application State

Sensitive values should receive appropriate protection.

24 — SQLite Databases

Mobile apps may use local databases.

Inspect for:

Personal Data

Tokens

Messages

Application Records

The security impact depends on:

Data Sensitivity

Device Threat Model

Protection

25 — Cache Data

Applications may cache:

Images

Documents

API Responses

User Information

Sensitive content should not remain unnecessarily exposed.

26 — iOS Keychain

The iOS Keychain provides storage designed for sensitive values.

Applications may use it for:

Tokens

Credentials

Cryptographic Material

But implementation choices still matter.

27 — Android Keystore

Android provides:

Android Keystore

for securely managing cryptographic keys.

Do not assume a key is protected merely because the application mentions the Keystore.

Validate architecture and usage.

28 — Authentication in Mobile Apps

Mobile authentication may involve:

Password

MFA

OAuth

SSO

Biometrics

Magic Links

Often the mobile client ultimately receives:

Access Token

29 — Mobile Authentication Flow

Conceptually:

Credentials
      ↓
Identity Provider
      ↓
Token
      ↓
Mobile Application
      ↓
API

30 — Token Storage

Ask:

Where Is
the Access Token
Stored?

Where Is
the Refresh Token
Stored?

Token storage is important because:

Token Theft
May Equal
Session Theft

31 — Token Lifecycle

Review:

Creation

Expiration

Refresh

Logout

Password Change

Revocation

32 — Logout

After logout:

Does the
Old Token
Still Work?

A client removing a token from its screen does not necessarily mean:

Server
Invalidated It

33 — Password Change

Ask:

Does Password
Change Revoke
Mobile Sessions?

34 — Biometric Authentication

Biometric controls such as:

Fingerprint

Face Recognition

may protect access to application functionality.

The key question is:

What Does
Biometric Success
Actually Unlock?

35 — Client-Side Biometric Trust

If the application simply performs:

Biometric Success
      ↓
Set Local Flag
      ↓
Show Protected Screen

without backend validation for sensitive operations, security may rely too heavily on client state.

36 — Network Traffic

Mobile apps communicate with APIs through:

HTTP / HTTPS

Inspect traffic to understand:

Hosts

Endpoints

Headers

Tokens

Parameters

Responses

37 — HTTPS

Mobile applications should generally use:

HTTPS

to protect data in transit.

Look for:

Cleartext Traffic

Weak Transport Settings

Sensitive Data
in URLs

38 — Sensitive Data in URL

Example:

/reset?token=secret-token

URLs may appear in:

Logs

History

Analytics

Proxies

Sensitive values should be carefully handled.

39 — Certificate Validation

Mobile applications should validate server certificates appropriately.

Conceptually:

Application
      ↓
TLS Certificate
      ↓
Trusted?
      ↓
Connection

Weak validation can increase interception risk.

40 — Certificate Pinning

Some applications implement:

Certificate
Pinning

to restrict which certificates the app trusts.

Its existence does not mean the entire application is secure.

41 — Network Security Configuration

Android applications can define transport behavior through:

Network Security
Configuration

Review whether cleartext traffic is allowed where it should not be.

42 — WebViews

A WebView allows an application to display web content inside the mobile app.

Potential security areas include:

JavaScript

URL Handling

Navigation

File Access

Native Bridges

43 — WebView Trust

Ask:

What Content
Can the WebView Load?

and:

Can Untrusted
Content Interact
with Native Functions?

44 — JavaScript Interfaces

Some WebViews expose native application functions to JavaScript.

If untrusted content can reach those interfaces, security risk may increase.

Validate only in authorized labs.

45 — Deep Links

Deep links allow URLs to open specific application functionality.

Example:

myapp://profile/1001

or:

https://app.example.com/profile/1001

46 — Deep Link Attack Surface

Ask:

Can Anyone
Trigger the Link?

What Parameters
Can Be Controlled?

Does Authentication
Apply?

Does Authorization
Apply?

47 — Custom URL Schemes

Applications may register schemes such as:

cloudnova://

Potential issues may arise if:

Multiple Apps
Can Register
Similar Schemes

or sensitive data is passed through the URL.

48 — Universal Links / App Links

Modern platforms support verified links that bind web domains to applications.

These can improve security compared with unrestricted custom schemes, but implementation still requires testing.

49 — Deep Link Authorization

Suppose:

myapp://invoice/5001

opens an invoice.

The critical question is:

Does the
Backend Verify
the User Can
Access Invoice 5001?

Deep-link obscurity is not authorization.

50 — Mobile API Security

Most mobile security testing eventually returns to:

API Security

The mobile application may expose:

Additional Endpoints

Different API Versions

Mobile-Specific Functions

51 — Compare Mobile and Web APIs

Create:

Mobile API

vs

Web API

Compare:

Endpoints

Methods

Tokens

Fields

Authorization

Versions

52 — Mobile API Authorization

Use controlled accounts to test:

Object Access

Function Access

Role Boundaries

Property Updates

just as you would with web APIs.

53 — Hidden Mobile Endpoints

Mobile apps may contain:

Legacy API Routes

Development Routes

Feature Flags

Internal Functions

Discovery does not automatically mean the route is vulnerable.

Validate authentication and authorization.

54 — Application Logs

Applications may accidentally log:

Tokens

Passwords

Personal Data

API Responses

Debug Information

55 — Debug Logging

Development builds may include verbose logging.

Determine whether production builds expose sensitive information.

56 — Clipboard

Applications may place data onto the system clipboard.

Examples:

OTP

Account Number

Recovery Code

Token

Clipboard contents may be accessible to other applications depending on platform protections.

57 — Screenshots

Mobile operating systems may capture application screens for:

App Switching

Recent Apps

Sensitive screens may require additional protection in certain applications.

58 — Keyboard and Input

Sensitive inputs may interact with:

Autofill

Keyboard Suggestions

Clipboard

Accessibility

Threat relevance depends on the application.

59 — Backup

Mobile application data may be included in:

Device Backups

Applications handling sensitive information should consider whether data should be backed up.

60 — Android Backup Configuration

Review whether the application allows backup of:

Sensitive
Application Data

where inappropriate.

61 — Rooted and Jailbroken Devices

A rooted Android or jailbroken iOS device can weaken platform security boundaries.

But:

App Runs
on Rooted Device
      ≠
Automatic Vulnerability

Impact depends on the application’s threat model.

62 — Root Detection

Some applications attempt:

Root Detection

Jailbreak Detection

These controls can increase difficulty for attackers but should not replace backend security.

63 — Client Integrity

Never rely only on:

App Is
Unmodified

for high-value authorization.

Attackers can potentially modify their own client.

64 — Reverse Engineering

Mobile packages can often be inspected.

Therefore sensitive logic such as:

Secrets

Authorization Rules

Security Decisions

should not depend on being hidden.

65 — Obfuscation

Code obfuscation can make reverse engineering harder.

But:

Obfuscation
      ≠
Security Control

for authorization or secret protection.

66 — Hardcoded Backend URLs

A mobile app might reveal:

api.example.com

staging-api.example.com

dev-api.example.com

Do not test non-production environments unless explicitly authorized.

67 — Environment Configuration

Applications may include:

Production

Staging

Development

configuration.

Scope must still determine what can be tested.

68 — Third-Party SDKs

Mobile apps frequently integrate SDKs for:

Analytics

Advertising

Payments

Crash Reporting

Authentication

SDKs can affect:

Privacy

Network Traffic

Data Collection

Application Security

69 — Third-Party Data Sharing

Ask:

What Data
Is Sent
to Third Parties?

Potential information may include:

Device Identifiers

User Information

Usage Data

Location

70 — Privacy and Security

Privacy issues and security issues can overlap.

Examples:

Sensitive Data
Sent to Analytics

Location Collected
Without Need

Personal Data
Logged

Assess according to program scope.

71 — Push Notifications

Applications may use push notifications for:

Messages

OTP

Approvals

Alerts

Sensitive information displayed in notifications may be visible on locked devices depending on configuration.

72 — Notification Actions

Some notifications allow:

Approve

Reply

Open

Review whether sensitive actions require appropriate authentication.

73 — Local Authorization vs Server Authorization

Suppose the mobile app hides a premium feature.

Ask:

Does the
API Enforce
Premium Access?

not:

Does the App
Hide the Button?

74 — Client-Side Role Flag

Example local state:

{
  "role": "user",
  "premium": false
}

Modifying local state should not grant backend privileges.

75 — Mobile Business Logic

Mobile-specific workflows may include:

Device Registration

QR Login

OTP

Referral

Wallet

Payment

Location-Based Features

Test the entire workflow, not only screens.

76 — Device Registration

Some applications bind accounts to:

Device IDs

Push Tokens

Installation IDs

Ask:

Can Device
Registration
Be Manipulated?

Can Old Devices
Remain Trusted?

77 — OTP Workflows

OTP workflows may involve:

Request OTP
      ↓
Receive OTP
      ↓
Verify OTP
      ↓
Create Session

Test:

Expiry

Reuse

Account Binding

Rate Limits

within authorized limits.

78 — Mobile Account Recovery

Review:

Email Recovery

SMS Recovery

Device Recovery

Backup Codes

Support Recovery

Recovery paths can sometimes be weaker than primary authentication.

79 — QR Authentication

Some apps allow authentication through QR codes.

Security questions may include:

Is QR Token
Single Use?

Does It Expire?

Is It Bound
to Session?

Does User
Confirm Context?

80 — Application State

Mobile applications may remain:

Logged In

for long periods.

Test:

Session Expiry

Password Change

Account Disablement

Token Revocation

81 — Offline Functionality

Some mobile apps support offline behavior.

Ask:

What Data
Is Cached?

Which Actions
Can Occur Offline?

How Are They
Validated Later?

82 — Local Business Logic

Do not assume an action is secure because:

Mobile UI
Prevents It

If the server eventually accepts the request, backend logic is what matters.

83 — Application Update Security

Mobile applications are updated frequently.

Changes can introduce:

New APIs

New Features

New Permissions

New Deep Links

Change-based hunting can be useful.

84 — Version Comparison

Compare:

Old Version

New Version

for:

Endpoints

Permissions

Features

Configuration

85 — Deprecated APIs

Older application versions may use:

Legacy APIs

If those services remain active, assess whether they are within authorized scope and whether security controls differ.

86 — Emulator vs Physical Device

Testing may use:

Emulator

Simulator

Physical Device

depending on the application and testing goals.

87 — Mobile Testing Environment

A professional environment may include:

Dedicated Test Device

Controlled Accounts

Intercepting Proxy

Application Analysis Tools

Research Notes

88 — Research Accounts

Use:

Account A

Account B

for authorization testing.

This remains one of the safest ways to demonstrate:

Cross-Account
Access

89 — Mobile Evidence

For mobile findings collect:

App Version

Device / OS

Account Role

Request

Response

Application State

Screenshots

Relevant Configuration

90 — Mobile Finding Reproducibility

Another researcher should be able to understand:

Which App Version?

Which Device State?

Which Account?

Which Action?

Which API Request?

What Result?

91 — Mobile Security Notebook

Create:

Mobile_Security_Notebook.md

with:

# Application

# Version

# Platform

# Package

# Permissions

# Components

# Configuration

# Local Storage

# Authentication

# Tokens

# Deep Links

# WebViews

# APIs

# Network

# Business Logic

# Vulnerability Candidates

# Evidence

# Reports

92 — Mobile Attack Surface Register

Create:

Mobile_Attack_Surface.csv

with:

Component	Type	Exposure	Security Relevance	Status

93 — Local Storage Register

Create:

Mobile_Local_Storage.csv

with:

Data	Location	Sensitive?	Protection	Assessment

94 — Component Register

For Android create:

Android_Component_Register.csv

with:

Component	Type	Exported	Permission	Purpose

95 — Deep Link Register

Create:

Deep_Link_Register.csv

with:

Link	Function	Authentication	Parameters	Assessment

96 — Mobile API Register

Create:

Mobile_API_Register.csv

with:

Endpoint	Method	Token	Object	Function

97 — Mobile Token Register

Create:

Mobile_Token_Lifecycle.csv

with:

Token	Created	Stored	Expires	Revoked	Notes

98 — Vulnerability Candidate Register

Create:

Mobile_Vulnerability_Candidates.csv

with:

Candidate	Component	Evidence	Impact	Status

99 — Mobile Security Testing Workflow

Use:

Understand App
      ↓
Inspect Package
      ↓
Review Configuration
      ↓
Map Components
      ↓
Review Storage
      ↓
Analyze Authentication
      ↓
Inspect Traffic
      ↓
Map APIs
      ↓
Test Authorization
      ↓
Test Deep Links
      ↓
Test Business Logic
      ↓
Validate
      ↓
Report

100 — Think in Client vs Server

Always separate:

Mobile Client

from:

Server

Ask:

Which Security
Decision Happens
Where?

101 — Example

App contains:

if premium:
    show_feature()

This controls:

UI

but the security question is:

Does API
Require Premium
Authorization?

102 — Think in Data

Ask:

What Data
Exists on Device?

What Data
Leaves the Device?

What Data
Comes Back?

What Data
Should This User
Access?

103 — Think in Entry Points

Mobile entry points may include:

App Icon

Deep Link

Push Notification

Share Intent

Exported Activity

WebView

104 — Think in Trust Boundaries

Common trust boundaries:

Other App
      ↓
Mobile App

Browser
      ↓
Deep Link

Mobile App
      ↓
API

Web Content
      ↓
WebView

105 — Think in Session State

Ask:

What Happens
After Logout?

Password Change?

MFA Reset?

Device Removal?

Account Disablement?

106 — Think in Backend Authorization

No matter how sophisticated the mobile application becomes:

Backend
Must Still
Authorize Requests

Practical Exercise 1 — Map a Mobile Application

Using an authorized mobile training application, create:

Mobile_Attack_Surface.md

covering:

Package

Permissions

Storage

Authentication

Deep Links

WebViews

Network

APIs

Practical Exercise 2 — Application Configuration Review

Document:

Application ID

Version

Permissions

Deep Links

API Hosts

Third-Party SDKs

Practical Exercise 3 — Local Storage Assessment

Identify application-controlled:

Preferences

Files

Databases

Caches

and classify stored information as:

Sensitive

Non-Sensitive

Needs Review

Practical Exercise 4 — Token Lifecycle

Using a training application:

Login
      ↓
Capture Token
      ↓
Logout
      ↓
Test Expected
Revocation Behavior

Document results.

Practical Exercise 5 — Password Change Session Test

Using your own training account:

Login on
Device A

      ↓

Change Password

      ↓

Observe Device A
Session Behavior

Practical Exercise 6 — Deep Link Mapping

Identify training-app deep links and document:

Function

Parameters

Authentication

Authorization

Practical Exercise 7 — Android Component Review

For an authorized Android lab, identify:

Activities

Services

Receivers

Providers

and document which are exported.

Practical Exercise 8 — Mobile API Mapping

Capture at least:

15 API
Requests

from a training application.

Document:

Endpoint

Method

Authentication

Object

Response

Practical Exercise 9 — Two-Account Authorization Test

Using your own mobile test accounts:

Account A
Creates Object

Account B
Attempts Access

Validate backend authorization.

Practical Exercise 10 — WebView Review

In an authorized lab, document:

Loaded Origins

JavaScript Enabled?

Navigation Controls

Native Interfaces

Practical Exercise 11 — Hardcoded Value Assessment

Identify application strings that resemble:

API Keys

Tokens

Endpoints

Classify each as:

Public Identifier

Unknown

Sensitive

and validate before reporting.

Practical Exercise 12 — Write a Mobile Vulnerability Report

Create a fictional report for:

Deep Link
Authorization Failure

Include:

Application Version

Platform

Account Roles

Deep Link

API Request

Evidence

Impact

Remediation

Knowledge Check

1. What is mobile application security?

2. Why should mobile applications be treated as untrusted clients?

3. What is an APK?

4. What is an IPA?

5. What is static analysis?

6. What is dynamic analysis?

7. What information can AndroidManifest.xml reveal?

8. What are Android permissions?

9. What is an exported component?

10. What is an Android activity?

11. What is a service?

12. What is a broadcast receiver?

13. What is a content provider?

14. What information can Info.plist reveal?

15. Why are hardcoded values not automatically vulnerabilities?

16. What makes a hardcoded secret security-sensitive?

17. What is local storage?

18. What sensitive data may exist locally?

19. What is SharedPreferences?

20. What is the iOS Keychain?

21. What is the Android Keystore?

22. Why is token storage important?

23. What should happen to tokens after logout?

24. Why should password changes be tested against existing sessions?

25. What is biometric authentication?

26. Why should sensitive authorization not depend only on biometric client state?

27. What does mobile network analysis reveal?

28. Why is HTTPS important?

29. Why can sensitive data in URLs be risky?

30. What is certificate validation?

31. What is certificate pinning?

32. What is a WebView?

33. Why can WebViews create security risks?

34. What is a deep link?

35. What is a custom URL scheme?

36. Why must deep-linked resources still enforce backend authorization?

37. Why should mobile and web APIs be compared?

38. What are application logs?

39. Why can clipboard use create risk?

40. Why can screenshots expose information?

41. Why is running on a rooted device not automatically a vulnerability?

42. Why is obfuscation not an authorization control?

43. What are third-party SDKs?

44. How can third-party SDKs affect privacy?

45. What security questions apply to push notifications?

46. What is client-side role enforcement?

47. Why should mobile business logic be tested server-side?

48. What should be reviewed in OTP workflows?

49. Why should mobile application versions be compared?

50. What should a professional mobile vulnerability report contain?

Key Takeaways

Mobile security requires understanding:

Client

Device

Storage

Authentication

Tokens

Network

APIs

Backend

Remember:

Mobile App
      ≠
Trusted Client

Hidden Mobile Feature
      ≠
Authorization

Hardcoded Key
      ≠
Automatically
Sensitive Secret

Biometric Success
      ≠
Backend Authorization

Deep Link
      ≠
Authorization

Obfuscation
      ≠
Security Boundary

The professional methodology is:

Package
      ↓
Configuration
      ↓
Components
      ↓
Storage
      ↓
Authentication
      ↓
Network
      ↓
API
      ↓
Authorization
      ↓
Business Logic
      ↓
Evidence
      ↓
Report

Career Connection

Mobile security skills are useful for:

Bug Bounty Hunters

Mobile Security Researchers

Application Security Analysts

Mobile Penetration Testers

API Security Analysts

AppSec Engineers

During interviews, you should be able to explain:

How You
Map a Mobile
Attack Surface

How You
Analyze Application
Configuration

How You
Review Local Storage

How You
Analyze Tokens

How You
Inspect Network Traffic

How You
Test Deep Links

How You
Test Mobile APIs

How You
Separate Client
and Server Security

Instead of saying:

I Test
Android Apps

you should be able to explain:

I begin by mapping
the mobile application's
package, configuration,
permissions, entry points,
local storage and
network communication.

I then identify the
authentication and token
model, inspect the APIs
used by the client and
validate authorization
using controlled accounts.

I review deep links,
WebViews and exposed
mobile components while
separating client-side
behavior from backend
security enforcement.

Finally, I validate
security impact and
document reproducible
evidence.

What’s Next?

➡️ Next: 05 — Advanced Web Exploitation

You now understand the primary attack surfaces across:

Web

APIs

Mobile

The next module moves into more complex web attack scenarios where vulnerabilities often emerge from:

Interactions

Trust Boundaries

Application State

Multiple Requests

Backend Architecture

You will learn about advanced concepts involving:

Advanced Access Control

Authentication Chains

Advanced SSRF

Request Smuggling Concepts

Web Cache Issues

Race Conditions

Advanced Business Logic

Complex Authorization

Vulnerability Chaining

You will move from:

Testing
Individual
Vulnerability Classes

to:

Understanding
Attack Paths
Across Multiple
Application Components

using:

Weakness
      ↓
Trust Boundary
      ↓
Second Weakness
      ↓
Attack Path
      ↓
Business Impact

➡️ Next: 05 — Advanced Web Exploitation